A computer virus is nothing but a program that “infects” your computer. “Trojans” and “worms” are similar. While many of them are not dangerous, some of them can cause extensive damage to the computer system. For example, they can delete some or all of your files stored in your system, send your e-mail address list to unscrupulous elements.
There are various viruses that pose threat to the internet users. Categorizing them is not easy since many viruses have multiple characteristics and thus they fall into different categories. Mainly, there are two different types of categories, which is what they infect and how they infect. Since they are so
common, we are also going to include a category specific to worms.
What They Infect
Viruses infect a number of different portions of the computer’s operating and file system.
These include:
* System Sectors
* Files
* Macros
* Companion Files
* Disk Clusters
* Batch Files
* Source Code
* Worms using Visual Basic
How They Infect
Sometimes, viruses are also categorized by how they infect. The categorizations may overlap the categories above and may even be included in the description, for example, polymorphic virus. The following are the different categories:
* Polymorphic Viruses
* Stealth Viruses
* Fast and Slow Infectors
* Sparse Infectors
* Armored Viruses
* Multipartite Viruses
* Cavity (Spacefiller) Viruses
* Tunneling Viruses
* Camouflage Viruses
* NTFS ADS Viruses
The serious threat from virus is data theft. The viruses attach to the host system and transmit all the personal information to undesired sources. The virus
can be checked thanks to antivirus software along with firewall etc.
How to prevent virus infection?
1. The following are some of the steps to prevent a computer virus infection:
Your computer should have antivirus software installed in it. Also, the antivirus should be updated routinely for latest virus definitions. If the annual license gets over, update it immediately. Many new viruses are discovered each month. The following are the links to three leading vendors of antivirus,
* Symantec Norton Antivirus.
* MacAfee Antivirus.
* AVG Antivirus.
2. The antivirus software should be used to check every file that is received from another source, especially files received over the internet or on a disk.
3. Make sure not to open any attachments from e-mails you receive unless you expect it. Don’t open the attachment even if the e-mail comes from a known person, friend or colleague since many viruses use a person’s e-mail address book to spread the virus.
4. The below-mentioned file types are the most dangerous as they contain programs (as opposed to documents). Thus, never open an attachment with the following extensions,
* .exe
* .com
* .scr
* .vbs
* .cmd
* .bat
* .reg
5. Virus could also invade through word documents, excel documents, and other files which have macros that functions as viruses. Thus, make sure to have the virus check turned on. In word, choose tools > options to open the options/preferences dialog box. Click the security tab, otherwise, click the General tab.
* On the general tab, make sure macro virus protection is checked. Click OK to close the dialog box. With this feature, when you open any Word document that contains macros, a message appears warning you about the macros and letting you disable them. When you see this message, you should disablemacros if you didn’t expect them to be there.
* On the Security tab, click the macro security button and choose one of the options, except the low option, which doesn’t protect you. Click OK twice.
6. For Windows users, Microsoft has download resources required to fix security and virus loopholes. Thus, go to www.microsoft.com and click download, and look for your version of Windows. If you have Windows XP, choose Start>Help and Support and click the Office Updates link. There you can also turn on Automatic Updates. By selecting Automatic updates, whenever the computer is turned on and connected to the internet, you will be notified if an update is available, download it for the latest protection.
7. The following are some of the links to sites that monitor viruses. These sites provide information on current viruses. When you hear about a virus, before passing on the information, it’s a good idea to check at these sites first. They also provide tools for getting rid of a virus.
* http://www.us-cert.gov/current/current_activity.html
* http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/
* http://www.mcafee.com/anti-virus/default.asp
8. All computers should have a software firewall. An often-recommended free one is Zone Labs’ Zone Alarm. Another good firewall is Norton Personal Firewall. If you have an always-on broadband connection, your modem should also include a hardware firewall.
9. Make sure not to download software from the Internet unless you know what you are downloading. When a dialog box pops up and asks if you want to install some software (especially when you didn’t ask for it), just say no. Download common free software from the companies’ official sites, such as Apple,Microsoft, Macromedia, Adobe, etc.
10. Online technical support companies such as www.support1000.com assists the users in installing antivirus software and takes all the required measures to prevent viruses. Also, they clean the system which is infected by virus through various methods, and also they help in removing spy-ware, mal-ware, etc.,from the infected system. PC users can contact www.support1000.com through phone, email, and online chat.
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